Interpretive Theological Researches

Abstract Freemasonry, which began its political activities with the efforts of the British government in the 17th century, gradually spread its ideals globally among Western and Eastern civilizations. In line with the initial conditions of the early Qajar era, the wave of this movement also affected the reign of Fathali Shah Qajar and from that time on, Iranians became familiar with this movement in various ways. This familiarity created new awareness and motivations among the upper classes and Iranian diplomats, who turned the lodges into a center for introducing new programs and ideals to Iranian society. Antiquity as a Masonic-Western ideal sought to replace itself in the world by fading and sidelining the religious culture of nations. The aim of this paper is to answer the question of whether Freemasons and their organizations played a role in the ancient tendencies of Iranians and confronting religious thought from the constitutional period to Pahlavi. The result of the research shows that Freemasonry revived and nurtured the ancient thoughts of Iranians, which had existed in the minds of Iranians for centuries, in the 18th century, and promoted it to an ideological thought with a plan to confront religious thought. Masonic teachings caused them to highlight the history of ancient Iran and praise this period, and to attribute the backwardness of Iranians to the Arab invasion and the prevalence of religious thought.
 

Abstract In the Quran have been mentioned the Torah, tablets, scrolls, etc. The Old Testament, on the other hand, has a unique credibility with Jews and Christians because it is the Jewish scripture and is the first part of the Christian Bible. The Qur'an also speaks extensively of the Bible of the Children of Israel. What is the relationship between what is said in the Qur'an about the Jewish scriptures and the Old Testament? Is Tankh (Old Testament) approved by the Qur'an? Some believe that the meaning and example of the Qur'anic verses is the Tanakh (Old Testament) which is collected in the covenants, therefore they consider it a kind of sanctity and authenticity. In the first stage, this research has dealt with the books attributed to the Prophet Moses by the descriptive-analytical method and has determined their meaning, and then examines the relationship between those books and writings with Tankh (Old Testament) has done. The result indicates that the existing (Old Testament) cannot be approved by the Qur'an.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of reverse teaching on self-directed learning and academic progress of students in the Analytical History of Early Islam course. The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of this study included all students of Arak University. The sample of the research was selected in the direct method and 58 people were selected and they were placed in two different groups by matching. The instrument used in the present study was the self-directed learning scale of Pintrich and DeGroot (1990). Descriptive and inferential statistical methods of univariate and multivariate covariance analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of univariate covariance analysis showed that reverse learning did not have a significant effect on students' self-directed learning, but it had a significant and positive effect on students' academic progress. Also, the findings of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that reverse learning did not have a significant effect on students' cognitive strategies and metacognitive strategies.

Abstract According to Islam and the verses of the Qur'an, "people" are one of the basic pillars of government and unity and empathy between the people and the government is necessary for Islamic society. By studying Islamic sources, it can be well understood that Islam not only emphasizes the spiritual aspects of human, morality, piety and human's relationship with God, but also pays much attention to social relations between people and government. A clear example of this type of governance is the rule of Imam Ali, in which he made the greatest effort for empathy and mutual trust between the people and the government. To achieve this goal, he has used strategies that Knowing them can help Islamic societies to achieve the utopia. Obviously, the best way to get acquainted with the way of governing and his strategies for empathizing the people with government and strengthening mutual trust between them is to study his speech, letters and orders in Nahj al-Balaghah. In the present article, which has been compiled using the documentary method and with the aim of getting acquainted with the most important strategies to strengthen mutual trust between the government and the people, the authors try to emphasize the importance of "democracy" and "communication with the people" from Imam Ali's point of view, so that the true seekers of the way of that Imam can benefit from these teachings.

Abstract The mystical prayers of Imam Ali (AS) in Kufa Mosque are teeming with high epistemological themes and full of pure educational-monotheistic points in which Imam Ali (AS) draws the relationship between man and God based on the relationship of God's mercy and extensive compassion for man dealt with the purest words and the most sublime concepts. The purpose of this research, carried out using descriptive-analytical and inferential methods, is to deduce and extract educational approaches and explain the relationship between man and God based on the concepts and themes of these great prayers. The theology and self-recognition acquired in the light of the teachings of these prayers depict the true position of God before man and provide a true explanation of man's poor relationship with God. Explaining the position of the pious man before the Lord, monotheism in getting help, monotheism in fear and hope, disconnection from others, achieving a verse attitude and the centrality of God's vast mercy are among the teachings of these mystical prayers.

Abstract There are two faces and descriptions of Prophet David's personality in the Old Testament that are not compatible with each other, one is a servant of God and obedient to him, and the other is a sinful and rebellious face before the Prophet of Truth. Although the Old Testament mentions him as one of the important kings of Judaism, the Holy Qur'an places him among the prophets who also achieved the position of caliphate and apparent kingship. Based on the descriptive-analytical method, this research tries to explain the character traits and characteristics of His Holiness' rule in the two texts of the Old Testament and the Holy Qur'an based on the library documents after his introduction, and by stating the commonalities and differences, To introduce and explain the prominent features of that Prophet in the Quran. Among the most important findings of the research, we can point to the fact that Prophet David was the Messiah in the Old Testament, his infallibility in the view of the Qur'an, many miracles and the divine nature of his rule in two documents.

Abstract The Islamic Revolution of Iran has completed its forty-year journey, showcasing its prosperity, triumph, and social maturity. In this significant phase, the wise and sagacious leader of the Islamic Revolution, through the issuance of the Second Revolution Declaration, revisited the track record of the Iranian Islamic Revolution, recounting its achievements, victories, honors, and blessings. The statement also highlighted the challenges, threats, opportunities, and various capacities of the current society, along with designing future strategies and cultural missions for its youth. One of these strategies involves foreign policy based on the principle of rejecting dependence. Utilizing library resources and a descriptive-analytical method, this article aims to explore the foreign policy strategies based on the principle of rejecting dependence from the text of the Second Revolution Declaration, emphasizing independence, freedom, wisdom, expediency, dignity, security, power, resilience, reluctance, distrust of the West, unfriendly relations with the West, and the rejection of foreign domination.