Interpretive Theological Researches
Qurterly

Evaluation of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli's rational arguments on the compatibility of divine justice with the verses of "Khulud" in torment

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Hamid Emamifar 1
mohammad ebrahimirad 1
Mohamad Gholami 2
Nourollah Karimian 3

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Arak, Arak

2 Third-level student at the Markazi Province Seminary

3 Instructor, Islamic Studies Department, Arak University, Arak

https://doi.org/10.22034/rtmr.2025.2047773.1079
Abstract
The topic of "Khalid" and eternal punishment for certain individuals in hell is a significant issue in exegesis and theology, consistently engaging Islamic thinkers. Within this discourse, opinions among Islamic scholars differ. Some argue that "Khalid" and eternal punishment are incompatible with God's justice, leading them to adopt the theory of "interruption of hell's punishment." Conversely, others assert that "Khalid" and eternal punishment do not contradict God's justice, thus affirming their belief in both concepts. Ayatollah Javas Amalia is among those who contend that "Khalid" and eternal punishment align with God's justice, offering rational justifications for the permanence of punishment for some individuals in hell. This research employs an analytical-descriptive method to evaluate and critique his rational arguments regarding "Khalid" and the permanence of torment. It concludes that these justifications fail to provide a rational explanation for the existence of "Khalid" in the Koranic context of punishment and do not resolve the tension between immortality and divine justice, despite the undeniable and certain nature of Koranic verses addressing "Khalid" and eternal punishment for certain individuals in hell.

Keywords

"Khulud"
justice
embodiment of actions
limitation of punishment
proportionality of punishment and action
intention
Interpretive Theological Researches
Volume 2, Issue 1
Spring 2024
Pages 17-31

  • Receive Date 24 October 2024
  • Revise Date 25 November 2024
  • Accept Date 15 December 2024

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